The Treaty of Nanking (1842) ended the First Opium War between Britain and China.
It unnatural the Chinese to open up more to trade with other countries, and to appreciably lower tariffs.
The Chinese also had to pay 21 million silver dollars in reward, and ceded the island of Hong Kong "in perpetuity" to Britain.
The Chinese call this the 'unequal treaty' but, as they lost the war, they could hardly complain.
